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Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, from body temperature to blood pressure to levels of certain nutrients. A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is a restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable. For example, the set point for normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F).
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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The human body gets energy from the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released when the chemical bonds in the organic compounds present in the food are broken down. The energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal), defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This value is determined by measuring the temperature change of the water surrounding a calorimeter after the complete...
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Homeostasis in Topical Photoprotection: Getting the Spectral Balance Right.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and photobiology.
  • Skin homeostasis and solar radiation effects.

Background:

  • Solar radiation encompasses ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared ranges, each with distinct biological effects.
  • Sunscreens, by selectively blocking certain wavelengths, may interfere with beneficial solar radiation interactions and skin homeostasis.
  • UVB induces DNA damage and erythema but is crucial for vitamin D synthesis; UVA and visible light influence pigmentation and erythema; infrared radiation impacts collagen and nitric oxide release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the multifaceted effects of different solar radiation ranges on skin homeostasis.
  • To evaluate the potential drawbacks of selective photoprotection by sunscreens.
  • To explore ideal photoprotection strategies and natural compounds for maintaining skin balance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on the biological effects of solar radiation (UV, visible, infrared).
  • Analysis of the impact of selective wavelength blockade by sunscreens on skin functions.
  • Investigation of natural compounds and broad-spectrum photoprotection approaches.

Main Results:

  • UVB causes DNA damage but is essential for vitamin D3 synthesis.
  • UVA and visible light contribute to pigmentation and erythema, while UVA also aids blood pressure control via nitric oxide.
  • Infrared A radiation affects dermal collagen but aids thermoregulation and nitric oxide release, potentially benefiting blood pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Ideal photoprotection should use neutral density filters for homogeneous mitigation of all solar radiation ranges to preserve skin homeostasis.
  • Natural compounds like mycosporine-like amino acids show promise for UV protection and environmental homeostasis.
  • Individual factors like skin phototype and exposure behavior significantly influence skin's response to solar radiation.