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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

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Overview
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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
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Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Regeneration of a Bioengineered Thyroid Using Decellularized Thyroid Matrix.

Jun Pan1, Hui Li2, Yun Fang1

  • 11 Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|October 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a bioengineered thyroid using decellularized rat thyroid matrix. This regenerative medicine approach shows promise for treating hypothyroidism by creating functional thyroid tissue.

Keywords:
extracellular matrix scaffoldhypothyroidismorgan decellularizationparathyrocytesthyrocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hypothyroidism is a prevalent hormone deficiency.
  • Bioengineered thyroids are explored as therapeutic alternatives.
  • This study introduces a novel thyroid graft generation method.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a functional bioengineered thyroid graft.
  • To utilize decellularized rat thyroid matrix for tissue reconstruction.
  • To assess the potential of this scaffold for hypothyroidism treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Rat thyroid glands were decellularized using sodium dodecyl sulfate.
  • Decellularized scaffolds were recellularized with rat thyroid cell lines via perfusion.
  • Pilot studies included recellularization with human thyrocytes and parathyroid cells.

Main Results:

  • Decellularization preserved the thyroid's 3D microarchitecture and vascular network.
  • Recellularized scaffolds formed 3D follicular structures with thyroid-specific function (thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase synthesis).
  • Humanized grafts maintained expression of critical endocrine genes.

Conclusions:

  • Decellularized thyroid extracellular matrix scaffolds are effective for creating functional bioengineered thyroid tissue.
  • This approach holds potential for treating hypothyroidism.
  • The method allows for the reconstruction of humanized bioartificial endocrine organs.