Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.1K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.1K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

3.4K
3.4K
Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps01:20

Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps

1.8K
In an inverting amplifier, the input voltage is connected through a resistor to the inverting terminal. Meanwhile, the non-inverting terminal is grounded and a feedback resistor is established between the inverting and output terminal, as depicted in Figure 1.
1.8K
Genomics02:02

Genomics

40.7K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
40.7K
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

48.2K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
48.2K
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

32.9K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
32.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Professional Academies: The Duty to Lead.

Microbial biotechnology·2026
Same author

Living together: evolutionary and ecological dimensions of protist endosymbiosis.

microLife·2026
Same author

Euglenid Extrachromosomal DNA: Assembly and Annotation.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Scientists' Warning to Humanity: The Need to Begin Teaching Critical and Systems Thinking Early in Life.

Microbial biotechnology·2025
Same author

Reduced plastid genomes of colorless facultative pathogens Prototheca (Chlorophyta) are retained for membrane transport genes.

BMC biology·2024
Same author

Spatio-temporal changes of small protist and free-living bacterial communities in a temperate dimictic lake: insights from metabarcoding and machine learning.

FEMS microbiology ecology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
12:02

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008

10.1K

Dynamic evolution of inverted repeats in Euglenophyta plastid genomes.

Anna Karnkowska1, Matthew S Bennett2, Richard E Triemer2

  • 1Department of Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland. ankarn@biol.uw.edu.pl.

Scientific Reports
|October 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals dynamic Euglenophyta plastid genome evolution, particularly the repeated loss of inverted repeat regions containing rDNA operons in Phacaceae and Euglenaceae families.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Developing a Tool for Using Inverted Confocal Microscopes for In Vivo Intravital Imaging
04:11

Author Spotlight: Developing a Tool for Using Inverted Confocal Microscopes for In Vivo Intravital Imaging

Published on: June 30, 2023

2.2K
Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
12:02

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008

10.1K
Author Spotlight: Developing a Tool for Using Inverted Confocal Microscopes for In Vivo Intravital Imaging
04:11

Author Spotlight: Developing a Tool for Using Inverted Confocal Microscopes for In Vivo Intravital Imaging

Published on: June 30, 2023

2.2K
Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Eukaryotic genomics
  • Algal biology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Photosynthetic euglenids (Euglenophyta) are unicellular eukaryotes with secondary plastids.
  • Previous Euglenophyta plastid genome studies focused mainly on the Euglenaceae family.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comparative analysis of plastid genomes from eight representatives of the Phacaceae family.
  • To investigate the evolution of inverted repeat (IR) regions in Euglenophyta plastid genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics of newly sequenced plastid genomes.
  • Phylogenomic analysis to map the presence/absence of IR regions.
  • Analysis of gene content, synteny, and intron diversity.

Main Results:

  • Phacaceae plastid genomes exhibit conserved synteny and gene content, with variations in maturase genes (mat2, mat5).
  • A correlation between maturase number and intron proliferation was observed.
  • Two taxa, Discoplastis and Lepocinclis, possess rDNA-containing IR regions absent in Euglenaceae, indicating repeated IR loss events in Euglenophyta evolution.

Conclusions:

  • The Euglenophyta plastid genome is highly dynamic, especially concerning IR regions.
  • Repeated losses of IR regions have shaped the evolutionary history of Euglenophyta plastid genomes.