Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

3.9K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
3.9K
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

19.0K
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
19.0K
Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

57.4K
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
57.4K
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

26.7K
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
26.7K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

11.6K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
11.6K
Understanding the Self01:28

Understanding the Self

295
The self is a central aspect of human identity, encompassing an individual’s beliefs, emotions, perceptions, and experiences. It is a cognitive and psychological construct that enables individuals to interpret their traits and behaviors, influencing how they perceive themselves and interact with the world. While personality consists of stable and enduring characteristics, the self is shaped by self-perception and social experiences. This distinction highlights the dynamic nature of the...
295

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ni<sup>II</sup>-Pd<sup>II</sup> as a More Solution-Stable Paddlewheel Alternative to Cu<sup>II</sup>-Cu<sup>II</sup> in Metal-Organic Cages.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

From statistical mixtures to structural insights: characterisation of heterometallic [M<sub>4</sub>L<sub>6</sub>]<sup>8+</sup> coordination cages using high resolution ion mobility mass spectrometry.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Controlling the Arrangement of [Fe<sub>4</sub>L<sub>6</sub>]<sup>8+</sup> Cages in the Solid State.

ChemPlusChem·2026
Same author

Single-Step Synthesis of a Heterometallic [Cu<sub>2</sub>PdL<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> Hybrid Metal-Organic Coordination Cage.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Diastereomer Resolution of M<sub>4</sub> L<sub>6</sub> Coordination Cages by Ultra-High-Resolution Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2023
Same author

Synergistic or antagonistic antioxidant combinations - a case study exploring flavonoid-nitroxide hybrids.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Total Protein Extraction and 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Methods for Burkholderia Species
08:31

Total Protein Extraction and 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Methods for Burkholderia Species

Published on: October 15, 2013

30.4K

Understanding coordination equilibria in solution and gel-phase [2]rotaxanes.

Sean W Hewson1, Kathleen M Mullen

  • 1School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. kathleen.mullen@qut.edu.au.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|October 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study synthesizes [2]rotaxanes using copper-catalyzed reactions on solid supports, achieving high yields of the desired interlocked molecules. The rotaxane structure allows for controllable switching of components, demonstrating the influence of mechanical bonds.

More Related Videos

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems
05:46

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

Published on: January 24, 2014

14.0K
Thermal Scanning Conductometry TSC as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
10:01

Thermal Scanning Conductometry TSC as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels

Published on: January 23, 2018

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Total Protein Extraction and 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Methods for Burkholderia Species
08:31

Total Protein Extraction and 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Methods for Burkholderia Species

Published on: October 15, 2013

30.4K
High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems
05:46

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

Published on: January 24, 2014

14.0K
Thermal Scanning Conductometry TSC as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
10:01

Thermal Scanning Conductometry TSC as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels

Published on: January 23, 2018

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The synthesis of complex interlocked molecular architectures like rotaxanes is crucial in supramolecular chemistry.
  • Previous methods for surface-supported rotaxane synthesis often yield significant amounts of undesired byproducts.
  • Active metal template methodologies offer a promising route for controlled assembly of such structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient method for synthesizing [2]rotaxanes using copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition on polymer resins.
  • To investigate the stimuli-responsive behavior of rotaxanes incorporating zinc metalloporphyrins.
  • To analyze the impact of the mechanical bond on metalloporphyrin-macrocycle coordination.

Main Methods:

  • Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction.
  • Active metal template methodology for rotaxane synthesis.
  • Functionalization of TentaGel resin beads for solid-phase synthesis and characterization.
  • 1H HR MAS NMR spectroscopy for characterization of rotaxane-functionalized supports.
  • Stimuli-responsive studies involving changes in base concentration, metal presence, and solvent polarity.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of [2]rotaxanes on TentaGel resin beads with over 80% yield of the desired interlocked product.
  • Characterization of rotaxane-functionalized solid supports using 1H HR MAS NMR.
  • Demonstration of 'switchable' macrocycle positioning within the rotaxane by external stimuli.
  • Quantification of the pseudocooperative effect of the mechanical bond on coordination equilibrium, yielding an effective molarity of 120 mM.

Conclusions:

  • The copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition provides an efficient route for the solid-phase synthesis of [2]rotaxanes.
  • The developed rotaxane system exhibits controllable and switchable behavior, highlighting its potential in molecular machines.
  • The study quantifies the significant influence of the mechanical bond on molecular recognition and coordination events.