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Cryptococcal infective endocarditis in a child with acute lymphocytic leukaemia
Ryosuke Kowatari1, Yasuyuki Suzuki1, Kazuyuki Daitoku1
1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan.
Abstract:
A 4-year-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukaemia presented with left hemiplegia during chemotherapy. Computed tomography revealed cerebral infarction, and an echocardiogram showed vegetation in the right and left ventricles. Despite antifungal therapy, he experienced another stroke; and 9 days after the first stroke, he underwent total extirpation of the vegetative nodules and fragile vegetation. The postoperative course was unremarkable with no recurrence of infective endocarditis. Although a bacterial culture of the vegetation could not identify the presence of any organism, a pathological specimen examination revealed Cryptococcus with a round and mucinous capsule.
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Acute Pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Infection
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...

