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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
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The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

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The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
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The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

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The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

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The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Characterizing Electron Transport through Living Biofilms
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Interface Electrostatics Dictates the Electron Transport via Bioelectronic Junctions.

Kavita Garg, Sara Raichlin, Tatyana Bendikov

    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
    |October 31, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Surface charge on silicon oxide affects electron transport through proteins. This impacts bioelectronic device performance, highlighting the importance of electrode-protein coupling for efficient charge transfer.

    Keywords:
    Bacteriorhodopsinbioelectronicscouplingelectrode−protein interfaceelectron transporttemperature dependence

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Surface Chemistry
    • Bioelectronics

    Background:

    • Silicon (Si) wafer batches exhibit variable responses to chemical surface treatments for silicon oxide regrowth.
    • Electrical differences in regrown oxides impact solid-state electron transport (ETp) through protein films.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of surface electrostatics on ETp across protein monolayers.
    • To elucidate the role of protein-electrode coupling in bioelectronic junctions.

    Main Methods:

    • Regrowth of silicon oxides on Si wafers using two chemical methods.
    • Surface characterization of oxides and linker molecule monolayers.
    • Examination of ETp via ultrathin bacteriorhodopsin protein layers.

    Main Results:

    • Surface charges on Si oxide significantly define ETp characteristics across proteins.
    • Observed current temperature dependences are governed by the electrode-protein interface's electrostatic landscape.
    • Protein-electrode coupling is a critical factor in ETp, potentially creating a dominant charge transport barrier.

    Conclusions:

    • Surface electrostatics, not intrinsic protein properties, primarily govern ETp in these junctions.
    • Protein-electrode coupling is crucial for bioelectronic devices, influencing charge transport modes.
    • Efficient electron transport within proteins is observed down to 160 K.