Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

290
A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
290
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

1.1K
A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
1.1K
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

902
Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
902
Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

25.9K
A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
25.9K
Concentration and Rate Law03:03

Concentration and Rate Law

38.6K
The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
For example, in a generic reaction aA + bB ⟶ products, where a and b are stoichiometric coefficients, the rate law can be written as:
38.6K
Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

Solution Concentration and Dilution

133.8K
The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
133.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

HOXA5 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing the β-catenin/Snail signaling.

Neoplasma·2023
Same author

Novel thermogelling dispersions of polymer nanoparticles for controlled protein release.

Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine·2012
Same author

Block copolymer-based gadolinium nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents with high T1 relaxivity.

Nanomedicine (London, England)·2012
Same author

c-Met, epidermal growth factor receptor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor are important for growth in uveal melanoma and independently contribute to migration and metastatic potential.

Melanoma research·2012
Same author

An epigenetic role for PRL-3 as a regulator of H3K9 methylation in colorectal cancer.

Gut·2012
Same author

Remote ischemic postconditioning protects the brain from global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by up-regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase through the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Brain research·2012
Same journal

Real-World Performance of the MiniMed 780G Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop Automated Insulin Delivery System in Greece.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2026
Same journal

Real-World Glucometric Outcomes of the MiniMed 780G Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System in Users with Type 1 Diabetes in Spain.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2026
Same journal

Basal Insulin Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Routine Clinical Practice in Spain: Clinical and Economic Impact.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2026
Same journal

Novel Clinical and Pre-clinical Obesity Estimates in Older Indian Adults: Insights from a Nationally Representative Dataset.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2026
Same journal

Treatment Options for Patients with Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY): A Systematic Review of Literature: 2026 Update.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2026
Same journal

Overlap of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pre-eclampsia: A Scoping Review.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Intravitreal Injections in the Ovine Eye
03:37

Intravitreal Injections in the Ovine Eye

Published on: July 5, 2022

4.0K

Concentrations of VEGF and PlGF Decrease in Eyes After Intravitreal Conbercept Injection.

Jun Zhou1,2, Zheng Liu1,3, Meng Chen1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, 3201 Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China.

Diabetes Therapy : Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and Related Disorders
|November 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intravitreal conbercept (IVC) reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) in the aqueous humor of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. However, PlGF levels in vitreous humor did not significantly decrease post-IVC treatment.

Keywords:
Aqueous humorConberceptPlacental growth factorVascular endothelial growth factorVitreous humor

More Related Videos

Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model
05:37

Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model

Published on: October 1, 2007

37.8K
Intravitreal Injection and Quantitation of Infection Parameters in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Endophthalmitis
07:24

Intravitreal Injection and Quantitation of Infection Parameters in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Endophthalmitis

Published on: February 6, 2021

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Intravitreal Injections in the Ovine Eye
03:37

Intravitreal Injections in the Ovine Eye

Published on: July 5, 2022

4.0K
Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model
05:37

Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model

Published on: October 1, 2007

37.8K
Intravitreal Injection and Quantitation of Infection Parameters in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Endophthalmitis
07:24

Intravitreal Injection and Quantitation of Infection Parameters in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Endophthalmitis

Published on: February 6, 2021

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Conbercept, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug, was approved in 2013 for age-related macular degeneration.
  • Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth.
  • VEGF and placental growth factor (PlGF) are key mediators in neovascularization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of intravitreal conbercept injection (IVC) on VEGF and PlGF concentrations in patients with PDR.
  • To compare VEGF and PlGF levels in aqueous and vitreous humor before and after IVC treatment.
  • To assess changes in VEGF and PlGF in PDR patients compared to a control group.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized study involving 16 patients with PDR, divided into two groups (A and B).
  • Group A received 0.5 mg IVC, with aqueous humor collected pre-injection and post-vitrectomy (7 days later).
  • A control group of 9 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was included for comparison.

Main Results:

  • VEGF and PlGF concentrations in aqueous humor were significantly lower after IVC injection in Group A.
  • Pre-IVC VEGF and PlGF levels in Group A, and levels in Group B, were higher than in the control group.
  • Vitreous VEGF levels were lower in Group A post-IVC compared to Group B, while vitreous PlGF did not show a significant reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Intravitreal conbercept effectively reduces VEGF and PlGF concentrations in the aqueous humor of PDR patients.
  • The reduction of PlGF in the vitreous humor after IVC treatment was not statistically significant.
  • These findings suggest conbercept's potential in managing PDR by targeting key angiogenic factors.