Invasive Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Pediatric Epilepsy
Laureen D Hachem1, Han Yan1, George M Ibrahim2
1Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 1503 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Abstract:
Neuromodulatory strategies are increasingly adopted for the treatment of intractable epilepsy in children. These encompass a wide range of treatments aimed at externally stimulating neural circuitry in order to decrease seizure frequency. In the current review, the authors discuss the evidence for invasive neuromodulation, namely vagus nerve and deep brain stimulation in affected children. Putative mechanisms of action and biomarkers of treatment success are explored and evidence of the efficacy of invasive neuromodulation is highlighted.
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