[Advances in nicotine pretreatment and determination method].

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Science
• Forensic Science

Background:

• Nicotine is a critical biomarker for tobacco product quality, environmental contamination, and human exposure.
• Precise and efficient nicotine determination is essential across various complex sample matrices.
• Existing analytical methods require continuous improvement for sensitivity and accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in sample preparation techniques for nicotine analysis.
• To survey contemporary analytical methodologies for nicotine detection.
• To evaluate the performance of different nicotine determination methods.

Main Methods:

• Sample preparation methods discussed include molecular imprinting technology and microextraction techniques (solid-phase and liquid-phase).
• Analytical techniques covered are spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and electrochemical methods.
• The review synthesizes data on the applications, scope, sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency of these methods.

Main Results:

• Significant progress has been made in developing selective and sensitive methods for nicotine extraction.
• Various chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques offer high resolution and sensitivity for nicotine quantification.
• Electrochemical methods provide rapid and cost-effective alternatives for nicotine detection.

Conclusions:

• The reviewed methods demonstrate enhanced capabilities for precise nicotine determination in complex samples.
• Continued development in sample preparation and analytical techniques is crucial for meeting evolving monitoring needs.
• Optimized methods will improve the accuracy of nicotine assessment in tobacco products, environmental samples, and biological matrices.