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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

Chromatin Structure and RNA Splicing

Chromatin Structure and RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

Splicing and Chromatin Factors Jointly Regulate Epidermal Differentiation.

Sabine E J Tanis¹, Pascal W T C Jansen², Huiqing Zhou³

¹Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

|November 1, 2018

Summary

Scientists discovered that the ZMAT2 protein and epigenetic modifiers control epidermal cell differentiation by regulating genes involved in cell adhesion. This finding is crucial for understanding skin homeostasis and development.

Keywords:

RNA-sequencing chromatin epigenetics functional interactions gene perturbation screens human epidermis interaction proteomics keratinocyte splicing

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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

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Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

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Published on: April 26, 2017

Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis

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Published on: November 11, 2014

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Dermatology

Background:

Epidermal homeostasis relies on a balance between progenitor cell proliferation and differentiated cell shedding.
Cellular functions are regulated by dynamic changes in transcriptional programs during differentiation.
Cell adhesion is critical for maintaining epidermal integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify regulators of epidermal differentiation.
To elucidate the mechanisms controlling gene expression during epidermal development.
To understand the interplay between transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in epidermal homeostasis.

Main Methods:

siRNA-based perturbation screens to identify DNA/RNA binding regulators.
Computational modeling and experimental validation of protein interactions.
RNA immunoprecipitation and transcriptome-wide RNA splicing analysis.

Main Results:

Identified ZMAT2 and epigenetic modifiers (ING5, SMARCA5, BRD1, UHRF1, BPTF, SMARCC2) as key regulators of epidermal differentiation.
ZMAT2 interacts with the pre-spliceosome and maintains cells in an undifferentiated state.
ZMAT2, in conjunction with ING5, regulates cell adhesion transcripts through splicing.

Conclusions:

Joint control by splicing, histone, and DNA modification is essential for maintaining epidermal progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state.
Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is key to addressing disorders of epidermal homeostasis.
The study highlights the intricate molecular network governing epidermal development and maintenance.