Liquid Biopsy in Gastrointestinal Cancers

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Diagnostics
• Genetics

Background:

• Liquid biopsy analyzes tumor genetic material from biological fluids.
• Peripheral blood is the most studied source, examining circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).
• It offers a less invasive alternative to traditional tissue biopsies for cancer diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the applications of liquid biopsy in gastrointestinal cancers.
• Focus on diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic uses in colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on liquid biopsy in gastrointestinal oncology.
• Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood.
• Examination of applications in cancer screening, prognostication, therapy selection, and disease surveillance.

Main Results:

• Liquid biopsy enables examination and longitudinal monitoring of a tumor's genetic landscape.
• Applications span cancer screening, prognostic stratification, therapy selection, and disease surveillance.
• Demonstrates potential for comprehensive and less invasive cancer management.

Conclusions:

• Liquid biopsy is a promising tool for gastrointestinal cancer diagnostics and management.
• It provides a less invasive and more comprehensive approach compared to tissue biopsy.
• Further research will refine its role in clinical practice for these cancers.