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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Nursing Clinical Information System01:27

Nursing Clinical Information System

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Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS)
A Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS) is a specialized type of healthcare information system tailored to meet the unique needs of nursing practice. It incorporates the principles of nursing informatics to streamline information management and improve the quality of care delivery.
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A Quantitative Glycomics and Proteomics Combined Purification Strategy
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Clinical application of quantitative glycomics.

Wenjing Peng1, Jingfu Zhao1, Xue Dong1

  • 1a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , TX , USA.

Expert Review of Proteomics
|November 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Glycan biomarkers show promise for diagnosing diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's. Further research and validation are needed for their clinical approval and widespread use in diagnostics.

Keywords:
Biomarkercancer and other diseasesclinical applicationdiagnosisglycomicsprognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Glycomics
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Disease Diagnostics

Background:

  • Aberrant glycosylation is linked to various diseases.
  • Numerous glycan biomarkers have been identified for diagnostics and prognostics.
  • No glycan markers are currently approved for clinical diagnosis, necessitating a review for clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in analytical methods for glycan biomarker discovery.
  • To summarize identified glycobiomarkers for major diseases.
  • To guide the clinical translation of glycan biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on studies of released glycans.
  • Review of analytical techniques in quantitative glycomics.
  • Summary of identified glycobiomarkers across multiple diseases.

Main Results:

  • Glycan biomarkers demonstrate potential for improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
  • Identified biomarkers for cancers, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and hepatitis B/C.
  • Advances in quantitative glycomics yield more potential biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Glycan biomarkers hold significant potential for clinical prognosis and diagnosis.
  • Further studies on large cohorts and validation are essential for clinical application.
  • Development of faster, efficient glycomic strategies is needed to reduce turnaround time.