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Related Concept Videos

Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
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Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

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The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in...
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Data Collection by Observations01:08

Data Collection by Observations

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Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...
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Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

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A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
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NSF is required for diverse endocytic modes by promoting fusion and fission pore closure in secretory cells.

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Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

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New observations in neuroscience using superresolution microscopy.

Michihiro Igarashi1, Motohiro Nozumi2, Ling-Gang Wu3

  • 1Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, tarokaja@med.niigata-u.ac.jp.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|November 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superresolution microscopy (SM) offers unprecedented views of molecular and cellular processes. This advanced imaging is revolutionizing neuroscience by revealing novel insights into nerve growth, synapse function, and molecular dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Superresolution microscopy (SM) overcomes traditional optical limits for molecular and cellular observation.
  • SM techniques are poised to significantly impact neuroscience research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent advancements and applications of various SM techniques in neuroscience.
  • To discuss novel structural and functional information gained from SM observations.

Main Methods:

  • Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM)
  • Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy
  • Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM)/Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM)
  • Single molecule-guided Bayesian localization SM (SIMBA)
  • Expansion Microscopy (ExM)

Main Results:

  • Revealed novel mechanisms of endocytosis in nerve growth.
  • Provided insights into fusion pore dynamics.
  • Characterized quantitative properties of excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

Conclusions:

  • Superresolution microscopy provides critical new data for understanding complex neural processes.
  • The integration of various SM techniques and complementary methods like ExM expands research capabilities in neuroscience.