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Related Concept Videos

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Lung Capacity

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

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Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Cryoprobe transbronchial lung biopsy: How we do it?

Karan Madan1, Saurabh Mittal1, Nishkarsh Gupta2

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Lung India : Official Organ of Indian Chest Society
|November 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cryoprobe-transbronchial lung biopsy (cryoprobe-TBLB) offers larger, artifact-free tissue samples compared to traditional methods. This technique enhances diagnostic confidence for diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Bronchoscopydiffuse parenchymal lung diseasetransbronchial lung biopsy

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Interventional Pulmonology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) is standard for diffuse parenchymal lung diseases.
  • TBLB yields are limited by small biopsy size in conditions like idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.
  • Surgical lung biopsy has significant associated risks and morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the technique of cryoprobe-transbronchial lung biopsy (cryoprobe-TBLB).
  • To highlight cryoprobe-TBLB as an advancement for obtaining larger lung tissue samples.
  • To improve diagnostic yield and confidence in diffuse parenchymal lung disease evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed description of the cryoprobe-TBLB procedure.
  • Comparison of cryoprobe-TBLB with traditional TBLB and surgical lung biopsy.
  • Focus on specimen quality, including size and artifact reduction.

Main Results:

  • Cryoprobe-TBLB yields larger biopsy specimens than conventional TBLB.
  • Biopsies obtained via cryoprobe-TBLB are typically free from crush artifact.
  • Enhanced tissue quality facilitates more confident pathological diagnoses.

Conclusions:

  • Cryoprobe-TBLB is a valuable technique for diagnosing diffuse parenchymal lung diseases.
  • The method provides superior tissue samples compared to standard TBLB.
  • This technique offers a safer alternative to surgical lung biopsy for obtaining diagnostic lung tissue.