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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

156.4K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
156.4K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.8K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.8K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.0K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.0K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

8.1K
8.1K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.7K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.7K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.8K
6.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

In Vitro Transcribed RNA-based Luciferase Reporter Assay to Study Translation Regulation in Poxvirus-infected Cells
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In Vitro Transcribed RNA-based Luciferase Reporter Assay to Study Translation Regulation in Poxvirus-infected Cells

Published on: May 1, 2019

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Translational control during poxvirus infection.

Nathan Meade1, Stephen DiGiuseppe1, Derek Walsh1

  • 1Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|November 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Poxviruses, despite their cytoplasmic replication, depend on host ribosomes for protein synthesis. They employ sophisticated strategies to control host and viral translation, influencing infection outcomes.

Keywords:
poxvirustranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Poxviruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses with complex replication and immune evasion.
  • They possess unique cytoplasmic replication systems, including DNA synthesis and transcription.
  • Despite self-sufficiency, poxviruses lack ribosomes and rely on host machinery for protein synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss central strategies employed by poxviruses to control host and viral protein synthesis.
  • To explore the battle between poxviruses and host cells over the translation system.
  • To highlight the role of translation control in determining infection fate.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on poxvirus replication and translation.
  • Analysis of poxvirus open reading frames (ORFs) and encoded proteins.
  • Discussion of host-pathogen interactions at the translational level.

Main Results:

  • Poxviruses encode numerous immunomodulatory proteins and possess complete DNA synthesis and transcription machinery.
  • They utilize host ribosomes for viral protein production, necessitating control over translation.
  • Poxviruses have evolved remarkable strategies to manipulate both viral and host protein synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • The control of the translation system is a critical determinant of poxvirus infection success.
  • Understanding poxvirus translation strategies offers insights into viral pathogenesis and host responses.
  • Poxviruses' manipulation of translation highlights a fundamental aspect of virus-host co-evolution.