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Income Inequality and Population Health: A Global Gradient?
Michaela Curran1, Matthew C Mahutga1
11 University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Journal of Health and Social Behavior
|November 2, 2018
Summary
Economic development significantly impacts the link between income inequality and population health. Poorer nations experience a more pronounced negative health effect from inequality than wealthier ones.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Economics
- Sociology
Background:
- Conflicting conclusions exist regarding the relationship between income inequality and population health.
- Previous cross-national studies have not fully accounted for varying levels of economic development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how economic development moderates the association between income inequality and population health.
- To identify global gradients in this relationship.
Main Methods:
- Estimation of fixed-effects models using cross-national data.
- Inclusion of various measures for income inequality and population health.
- Analysis of the moderating effect of economic development.
Main Results:
- Economic development significantly moderates the relationship between income inequality and population health.
- A global gradient was observed, with a more harmful effect of inequality on health in poorer countries (139.7%–374.3% greater impact).
- Harmful effects were significant in 2.1%–53.3% of countries and impacted 6.6%–67.6% of the global population, but not significantly in richer countries.
Conclusions:
- Income inequality acts as a proximate or conditional cause of poorer population health.
- The impact of income inequality on health is contingent upon a country's level of economic development.
- Policy implications suggest tailored interventions considering national economic context.
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