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Two CONSTANS-LIKE genes jointly control flowering time in beet.

Nadine Dally1, Maike Eckel2, Alfred Batschauer2

  • 1UKSH Campus Kiel, Hematology Laboratory Kiel, Langer Segen 8-10, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.

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|November 2, 2018
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Breeding winter beets is now possible by targeting two key genes, B and B2, which control flowering time. This research identifies a novel genetic strategy to prevent premature bolting, enabling higher yields for this important crop.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Crop breeding
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Vegetative crop breeding faces challenges in managing flowering time for optimal field production and seed development.
  • Sugar beet, a biennial crop, typically bolts (flowers) after cold exposure, hindering winter cultivation and yield potential.
  • Current breeding strategies struggle to prevent bolting in beets sown for overwintering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for breeding winter-hardy beets by exploiting genetic variations in bolting time.
  • To investigate the roles of the B and B2 loci in regulating flowering and bolting in sugar beet.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying bolting control in beets for agricultural applications.

Main Methods:

  • Haplotype analysis of the B and B2 bolting time loci in sugar beet.
  • Genetic crosses (F2 generation) to study gene interactions and epistasis.
  • Fluorescence complementation assays to examine protein interactions in vivo.
  • Gene expression analysis of FT orthologs in relation to bolting.

Main Results:

  • An epistatic interaction between the B and B2 loci was identified, where mutations in both prevent bolting even after vernalization.
  • The B and B2 proteins were shown to form heterodimers in vivo.
  • In non-bolting plants, the bolting activator BvFT2 is downregulated, and the repressor BvFT1 is upregulated.
  • Beet B and B2 proteins possess CCT and BBX domains, similar to Arabidopsis CONSTANS (CO), suggesting a conserved but distinct regulatory role.

Conclusions:

  • A novel genetic mechanism for FT ortholog regulation in beets was proposed, involving B and B2 genes with CONSTANS-like functions.
  • Exploiting haplotype variation at the B and B2 loci offers a viable strategy for breeding winter beets.
  • This research paves the way for developing higher-yielding winter beet varieties through targeted genetic approaches.