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Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise
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Nutritional supplementation boosts aerobic exercise effects on functional brain systems.

Michelle W Voss1,2, Matthew Sutterer1, Timothy B Weng1

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|November 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Aerobic exercise with beta-alanine supplementation enhanced brain network connectivity in older adults. This combination may boost exercise benefits for aging brain systems, while dance did not significantly impact networks.

Keywords:
agingcardiorespiratory fitnessdefault mode networkfunctional connectivityphysical activityrandomized controlled trialsalience network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Aerobic exercise is linked to protection against age-related cognitive decline.
  • Cardiorespiratory fitness plays a key role in these neuroprotective benefits.
  • Combining physical activity with cognitive enrichment may offer synergistic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of a nutritional supplement promoting exercise capacity with a lower-intensity cognitive enrichment activity on brain networks and cognition in aging adults.
  • To investigate how these interventions impact functional network connectivity (FC) and cognitive outcomes.
  • To explore potential synergistic effects of exercise, supplementation, and medication on brain health.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial involving inactive healthy older adults.
  • Four intervention groups: low-intensity cognitive activity (dancing), walking, walking plus a nutritional supplement (beta-alanine), and an active control.
  • Assessment of functional network connectivity and cognitive performance.

Main Results:

  • Walking combined with beta-alanine supplementation significantly increased salience network FC.
  • Default mode network FC showed less improvement with the walking+supplement intervention.
  • No significant increase in overall cognitive performance across any training group.
  • Participants in the walking+supplement group taking neurotransmitter-modulating medications (e.g., SSRIs) showed improved processing speed.

Conclusions:

  • Nutritional supplementation with beta-alanine can enhance the positive effects of aerobic exercise on brain networks vulnerable to aging.
  • Low-intensity physical activity combined with cognitive enrichment (dancing) did not alter functional networks in this study.
  • Medications that modulate neurotransmitters may influence how exercise interventions impact cognitive function in older adults.