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Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Host-parasite interactions: an interview with Emily Troemel.

Emily Troemel1

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. etroemel@ucsd.edu.

BMC Biology
|November 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Professor Emily Troemel discusses peer review

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Emily Troemel's research at UC San Diego utilizes Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate host-pathogen interactions.
  • The lab focuses on how these interactions shape the host's immune response.

Discussion:

  • The interview explores the significance of peer review in scientific training.
  • It addresses the potential for novel forms of immunity within epithelial tissues.

Key Insights:

  • Peer review is crucial for mentoring emerging scientists.
  • Epithelial immunity may represent a newly understood layer of host defense.

Outlook:

  • Further research into epithelial immunity could reveal new therapeutic targets.
Keywords:
C. elegansHost–parasite interactionsImmunityInfectionPathogens

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  • Understanding host-pathogen dynamics is essential for combating infectious diseases.