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Related Concept Videos

Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Impact of Groups on Groups01:19

Impact of Groups on Groups

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Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
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Impact01:30

Impact

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Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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Assessing Lysosomal Alkalinization in the Intestine of Live Caenorhabditis elegans
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The impact of nanoparticle-driven lysosomal alkalinization on cellular functionality.

Bella B Manshian1,2, Suman Pokhrel3,4, Lutz Mädler3,4

  • 1NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Journal of Nanobiotechnology
|November 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) transiently disrupt cell function by impairing lysosomal activity and autophagosome clearance, affecting cell migration. SiO2 NPs did not show these effects.

Keywords:
Gold nanoparticlesNanomedicineNanotoxicitySilicon dioxide nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Biomedical applications of nanoparticles (NPs) are increasing.
  • Understanding NP behavior in biological systems is crucial.
  • Subtle effects of NPs on cellular wellbeing are often overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of gold (Au) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles on cellular wellbeing.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of NP-induced cellular alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative study of Au NPs and SiO2 NPs with similar size and surface charge.
  • Assessment of NP interactions with cultured cells.
  • Analysis of cytoskeletal changes, lysosomal activity, and autophagosome accumulation.

Main Results:

  • Gold NPs, but not SiO2 NPs, induced transient cytoskeletal aberrations at subcytotoxic concentrations.
  • Au NPs reduced lysosomal activity by increasing lysosomal lumen pH, leading to autophagosome accumulation.
  • This impaired cellular degradation, mitochondrial clearance, and activated Rho GTPases, ultimately reducing cell migration and invasion.

Conclusions:

  • Bio-nano interactions are critical for understanding NP effects on cellular degradation.
  • Altered cellular degradation by NPs can trigger downstream effects impacting cell function.
  • Further research is needed for safe and effective use of labeled cells in biomedical applications.