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    We developed a novel 3D box-bender interferometer for precise beam interference. This technique enables the combination of orthogonally polarized light beams with matched optical properties, advancing optical measurement capabilities.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Interferometry
    • Optical Metrology

    Background:

    • Mach-Zehnder interferometers are widely used but can be sensitive to environmental changes.
    • Achieving stable interference of broadband, orthogonally polarized beams with equal pathlengths and dispersion presents a significant challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a new interferometer design, the 3D box-bender, for stable interference of orthogonally polarized broadband beams.
    • To demonstrate a method for achieving equal optical pathlength and dispersion in interfering beams.
    • To showcase the interferometer's application in optical filtering scenarios.

    Main Methods:

    • A Mach-Zehnder interferometer was reconfigured into a symmetric box using a polarization-rotating periscope.
    • A 90° geometric phase shift was employed to rotate the polarization in one arm.
    • Orthogonally polarized diffracted and undiffracted beams from an acousto-optic tunable filter were interfered.

    Main Results:

    • The 3D box-bender interferometer successfully achieved interference of two broadband, orthogonally polarized beams.
    • Equal optical pathlength and dispersion were maintained for the interfering beams.
    • The utility was demonstrated by interfering beams from an acousto-optic tunable filter.

    Conclusions:

    • The 3D box-bender interferometer offers a stable platform for interfering complex light beams.
    • This design facilitates precise optical pathlength and dispersion matching.
    • The demonstrated application highlights its potential in spectral analysis and optical filtering.