Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026
08:53
Characterization of pH-Dependent Reversible Self-Assembly of Amyloid Beta 1-40-Coated Gold Colloids
Published on: March 21, 2025
1.2K
Characterizing chloride-dependent acidification in brain clathrin-coated vesicles 1
Mary R Weston1,1, Joseph A Mindell1,1
1Membrane Transport Biophysics Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire
|November 2, 2018
Summary
Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) use chloride ions for V-ATPase-dependent acidification. Most brain CCVs are synaptic vesicles, with vGLUT1 potentially mediating chloride transport.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Membrane Transport
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Endocytic organelles rely on V-type ATPase proton pumps for acidification.
- Proton accumulation creates voltage, necessitating counterion movement for charge dissipation.
- Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) utilize external chloride (Cl-) for V-ATPase-dependent acidification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the chloride-transporting protein in CCVs.
- To elucidate the function of counterion movement in endosomal acidification.
Main Methods:
- Studied V-type ATPase-facilitated acidification in bovine brain CCVs with varying chloride concentrations.
- Employed glutamate-facilitated acidification, density gradients, and mass spectrometry.
- Analyzed CCV protein content and compared it to synaptic vesicle markers.
Main Results:
- Bovine brain CCVs demonstrated V-type ATPase-dependent acidification in the presence of external chloride, independent of cations.
- Identified most brain CCVs as synaptic vesicles, aligning with previous protein content similarities.
- Did not definitively identify the anion transport mechanism but suggested vGLUT1 as a potential chloride transporter.
Conclusions:
- Brain CCVs are primarily synaptic vesicles and require chloride for acidification.
- vGLUT1 is a potential candidate for mediating chloride transport in brain CCVs.
- CCVs in other tissues may employ different proteins for chloride-facilitated acidification.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Clathrin Coated Vesicles
9.4K
Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
9.4K
01:32Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles
4.2K
Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
4.2K
00:59COP Coated Vesicles
18.2K
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
18.2K
01:29Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate
1.0K
Chloride ions contribute to the osmotic pressure gradient distinguishing the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the extracellular fluid (ECF). They counterbalance positively charged ions in the ECF and ensure its electrochemical stability. The renal system's process of chloride absorption and release generally mirrors that of sodium ions.
Conditions such as hypochloremia can arise from insufficient chloride reabsorption by the kidneys, often compounded by extended bouts of diarrhea, vomiting,...
Conditions such as hypochloremia can arise from insufficient chloride reabsorption by the kidneys, often compounded by extended bouts of diarrhea, vomiting,...
1.0K
01:18Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides
8.9K
Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and synthetically important derivatives. They are useful reagents for Friedel–Crafts acylation of some aromatic compounds.
8.9K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
24.1K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
24.1K