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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

21.1K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
21.1K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

26.1K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
26.1K
EDTA: Conditional Formation Constant01:09

EDTA: Conditional Formation Constant

2.1K
Each EDTA molecule has six binding sites: four carboxyl groups and two amino groups. The fully protonated form of EDTA is represented as H6Y2+. However, it can exist in different forms, H5Y+, H4Y, H3Y−, H2Y2−, and HY3−, depending on the pH of the solution. In very basic solutions with pH > 10.17, the fully deprotonated form, Y4−, is the predominant species that readily complexes with metal ions in a 1:1 ratio.
For the equilibrium reaction of the metal with the...
2.1K
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

3.4K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
3.4K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.5K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.5K
Standard Enthalpy of Formation02:37

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

49.2K
Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
49.2K

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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

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The so-called critical condition for polyelectrolyte-colloid complex formation.

Fatih Comert1, Amy Y Xu1, Slawomir P Madro1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|November 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyelectrolyte-colloid complexes form reversible equilibrium states. Their formation transition is broadened by colloid charge anisotropy, polydispersity, and instability, deviating from theoretical predictions.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Interface Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyelectrolyte (PE) complexes with biological or abiotic colloids are crucial in diverse applications like enzyme immobilization, drug delivery, and food science.
  • Unlike adsorption on planar surfaces, PE-colloid complex formation is often an equilibrium process dependent on critical colloid surface charge density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors contributing to the broadened transition width observed in polyelectrolyte-colloid complex formation.
  • To compare experimental observations with theoretical expectations for PE-colloid complexation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of three distinct polyelectrolyte-colloid systems.
  • Evaluation of the impact of colloid charge anisotropy, polydispersity, and instability on complex formation.

Main Results:

  • Experimental transition widths for PE-colloid complex formation are broader than theoretical predictions.
  • Colloid charge anisotropy, polydispersity, and instability were identified as key factors widening the transition.

Conclusions:

  • The equilibrium nature of PE-colloid complex formation is significantly influenced by inherent properties of the colloid particles.
  • Understanding these broadening factors is essential for controlling and optimizing applications involving PE-colloid complexes.