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Sorption technique as a tool for reduction of genotoxicity
Saraswati Saini1, Inderpreet Kaur2, Jatinder Kaur Katnoria1
1Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Toxicology and Industrial Health
|November 3, 2018
Summary
This study assessed the genotoxicity of copper and cadmium using the Allium cepa assay. Sorption processes using modified bamboo charcoal and yeast significantly reduced metal ion-induced chromosomal aberrations.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Toxicology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Heavy metal pollution from industrial activities poses significant environmental and health risks.
- Copper and cadmium are common toxic metal pollutants with known genotoxic effects.
- Bioremediation using natural sorbents offers a sustainable approach to mitigate heavy metal pollution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the genotoxic effects of copper and cadmium ions on Allium cepa chromosomes.
- To assess the efficacy of different sorption processes in reducing the genotoxicity of these metal ions.
- To compare the performance of unmodified and NTA-modified Dendrocalamus strictus charcoal powder and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in metal ion sorption.
Main Methods:
- Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay was employed to determine genotoxicity.
- Sorption experiments were conducted using unmodified Dendrocalamus strictus charcoal powder, NTA-modified D. strictus charcoal powder, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Chromosomal aberration frequencies were analyzed before and after exposure to varying concentrations of copper and cadmium solutions.
Main Results:
- Copper and cadmium solutions induced significant chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa roots at concentrations ranging from 1-500 mg/l.
- All tested sorption methods demonstrated a significant reduction in chromosomal aberrations caused by both metal ions.
- NTA-modified D. strictus charcoal powder showed the highest reduction percentages for copper (45.29-70.04%) and cadmium (47.80-84.57%).
Conclusions:
- Copper and cadmium ions exhibit genotoxic potential, leading to chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa.
- Sorption processes using Dendrocalamus strictus charcoal powder (unmodified and NTA-modified) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are effective in mitigating the genotoxicity of copper and cadmium.
- NTA-modified Dendrocalamus strictus charcoal powder is a highly effective biosorbent for reducing the genotoxic impact of copper and cadmium pollution.
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