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Related Concept Videos

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

276
Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
276
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding01:13

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding

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Physiological models with protein binding in pharmacokinetics offer a sophisticated approach to understanding drug disposition. These models consider drug-protein interactions, enabling them to effectively predict drug concentrations in different organs and tissues. This precision aids in accurate drug dosing, providing a significant advantage over conventional models. A key process within these models is equilibration, which ensures that drug concentrations achieve a steady state within the...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

352
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
352
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance01:07

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance

299
Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion,...
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Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview01:20

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

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Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
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Clearance Models: Physiological Models01:09

Clearance Models: Physiological Models

317
Drug clearance is a critical pharmacokinetic process involving the irreversible removal of drugs from the body through various organs over a specified time period. Physiological models are indispensable in determining organ-specific clearance, defined by the proportion of the drug eliminated per unit of time from the organ's blood volume.
The organ's clearance rate depends on the blood flow to the organ and the extraction ratio (E). The extraction ratio describes the organ's...
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Design and Development of Aptamer–Gold Nanoparticle Based Colorimetric Assays for In-the-field Applications
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Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Nanoparticles.

Dongfen Yuan1, Hua He2, Yun Wu3

  • 1Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|November 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticle drug delivery systems alter pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling helps predict nanoparticle behavior and biological effects, despite challenges.

Keywords:
PBPKefficacymononuclear phagocytic systemnanoparticle dispositiontissue distributiontoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Drug Delivery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles enhance drug pharmacokinetics and tissue targeting.
  • Nanoparticle multifunctionality leads to complex in vivo disposition.
  • Conventional formulations differ significantly from nanoparticle disposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review unique nanoparticle disposition characteristics.
  • Assess PBPK modeling's ability to account for nanoparticle properties.
  • Comment on PBPK applications and challenges for nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nanoparticle disposition.
  • Analysis of PBPK modeling approaches for nanoparticles.
  • Discussion of PBPK applications in predicting nanoparticle behavior.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles exhibit distinct in vivo disposition compared to conventional drugs.
  • PBPK modeling can characterize and predict nanoparticle systemic exposure.
  • PBPK modeling offers insights into nanoparticle efficacy and toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • PBPK modeling is crucial for understanding nanoparticle pharmacokinetics.
  • Addressing challenges in PBPK modeling will enhance nanoparticle design.
  • PBPK aids in predicting and optimizing nanoparticle-based therapies.