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Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
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Intratracheal Administration of Dry Powder Formulation in Mice
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Formulating Inhalable Dry Powders Using Two-Fluid and Three-Fluid Nozzle Spray Drying.

Donglei Leng1, Kaushik Thanki1, Camilla Foged1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Pharmaceutical Research
|November 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Two-fluid nozzle spray drying produced higher yields of budesonide microparticles with preserved drug-to-excipient ratios compared to three-fluid nozzle methods for inhalable dry powder formulation.

Keywords:
budesonidespray dryingthree-fluid nozzle spray dryingtwo-fluid nozzle spray drying

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical particle engineering
  • Materials science
  • Drug delivery systems

Background:

  • Spray drying is a key technique for creating pharmaceutical particles.
  • Different nozzle types (two-fluid vs. three-fluid) impact particle characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the advantages and disadvantages of two-fluid and three-fluid nozzle spray drying.
  • To optimize the formulation of inhalable dry powders using budesonide.

Main Methods:

  • Budesonide nanocomposite microparticles (BNMs) were made using a two-fluid nozzle.
  • Budesonide-mannitol microparticles (BMMs) were made using a three-fluid nozzle.
  • Characterization included XRPD, DSC, DMA, Raman microscopy, and aerodynamic performance testing.

Main Results:

  • BNMs retained crystalline budesonide, while BMMs had amorphous budesonide.
  • Mannitol crystallized during spray drying in both methods.
  • Both formulations showed improved dissolution; BNMs had higher yield and preserved drug-excipient ratios.

Conclusions:

  • Spray drying effectively creates budesonide amorphous solid dispersions and nanocrystal-embedded microparticles.
  • Two-fluid nozzle spray drying offers superior yield for budesonide microparticle preparation.