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Related Experiment Video

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A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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Pathophysiology of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: An Update.

Catalina Bazacliu1, Josef Neu1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, FL, United States.

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|November 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is difficult to treat, necessitating preventive strategies. Understanding NEC

Keywords:
Necrotizing enterocolitisintestinal inflammationmorbiditypathophysiologyprematurityspontaneous intestinal perforations.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Neonatal Research
  • Microbiome and Inflammation Studies

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe intestinal disease in neonates with limited treatment options.
  • Current understanding of NEC pathophysiology is incomplete, hindering the development of effective preventive strategies.
  • A clear definition and diagnostic criteria for NEC are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for a comprehensive understanding of NEC pathophysiology for targeted prevention.
  • To emphasize the importance of defining NEC and establishing diagnostic criteria.
  • To explore the interplay of environmental factors, host susceptibility, and microbial dysbiosis in NEC development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on NEC pathogenesis, focusing on environmental factors, host susceptibility, and the intestinal microbiota.
  • Analysis of emerging evidence on microbial communities, inflammatory pathways, genetic predisposition, and microRNAs (miRNAs) in NEC.
  • Discussion of limitations in current animal models and human studies.

Main Results:

  • NEC involves complex interactions between environmental factors, host genetics, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, leading to intestinal necrosis.
  • Inflammatory pathways, closely linked to the gut microbiome, play a significant role in the common form of NEC.
  • The role of specific microorganisms, genetic predispositions, and miRNAs in NEC etiology is under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of NEC's molecular pathways, microbial contributions, and host factors is crucial for developing preventive therapies like bacteriotherapy.
  • Addressing limitations in disease definition, diagnostic criteria, and research models is essential for deciphering NEC.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex puzzle of NEC and move closer to effective treatments.