Theoretical and Observational Constraints of Bound Dark Energy with Precision Cosmological Data

We present a dark energy (DE) model as a natural extension of the standard model of particle physics where the lightest bound state, a scalar particle ϕ, corresponds to DE. The potential V=Λ_{c}^{4+2/3}ϕ^{-2/3} is dynamically formed at the condensation energy scale Λ_{c} and scale factor a_{c}. Our DE model has excellent agreement with current cosmological data improving the fit of baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, specially designed to determine the dynamics of DE, from (χ^{2})_{BAO}^{ΛCDM}=7.115 in the standard cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant (ΛCDM) model to (χ^{2})_{BAO}^{BDE}=5.609, a difference of Δχ_{BAO}^{2}=1.5 and a likelihood ratio of 2.1. We obtain an exact constraint a_{c}Λ_{c}/eV=1.0939×10^{-4} and a theoretical prediction on Λ_{c}=34_{-11}^{+16}  eV, consistent with the best fit Λ_{c}=44.08±0.27  eV, while in the standard ΛCDM there is no understanding of the value of the cosmological constant Λ. Remarkably, our model prediction on a_{c}Λ_{c} has a relative difference of only 0.2% with the best fit value if we allow a_{c} and Λ_{c} to vary independently. Unlike a cosmological constant Λ, our DE model predicts the amount of DE and leaves detectable cosmological imprints at different times and scales at a background and perturbation level.