Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

8.4K

The Resource Burden of Infections With Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children

Jenna Fine1, Amelia Bray-Aschenbrenner2, Howard Williams3

  • 11 Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.

Clinical Pediatrics
|November 3, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/ENT) infections in children lead to higher healthcare resource use and costs compared to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). These findings highlight the significant burden of HRV/ENT in pediatric care.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Health Services Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Respiratory viral infections are common in children.
  • Human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/ENT), influenza (FLU), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are significant pathogens.
  • Understanding resource utilization for these infections is crucial for healthcare management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare resource utilization and healthcare costs among pediatric patients with HRV/ENT, FLU, and RSV infections.
  • To identify differences in clinical management and outcomes based on the causative virus.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 2013 pediatric patients with positive nasopharyngeal swabs for HRV/ENT, FLU, or RSV.
  • Analysis of data including respiratory support, vascular access, level of care (ED, admission, PICU), antibiotic use, length of stay, and billing data.

Main Results:

  • HRV/ENT patients had lower emergency department discharge rates (P < .001) and higher Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission rates (P < .001) compared to FLU.
  • HRV/ENT and RSV patients were more likely to require invasive procedures (P = .01).
  • Median hospital costs for HRV/ENT patients were over double those for FLU patients (P < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric HRV/ENT infections represent a substantial burden on healthcare resources and finances.
  • The clinical management and associated costs for HRV/ENT infections are significantly higher than for FLU infections in children.

Keywords:
costenteroviruspediatricsrespiratory infectionrhinovirus

More Related Videos

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection10:44

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection

Published on: September 7, 2017

29.8K
Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus09:08

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

4.2K

Related Concept Videos

Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
17.7K
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
128.2K
Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract01:31

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
The Larynx
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...
3.6K
The Respiratory System01:16

The Respiratory System

The respiratory system is comprised of the organs that enable breathing. Air enters the nostrils and mouth, followed by the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box), which lead to the trachea (windpipe). In the thoracic cavity, the trachea splits into two bronchi that allow air to enter the lungs. The bronchi split into progressively smaller bronchioles and terminate in small groups of tiny sacs in the lungs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
89.4K
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
5.2K
Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
1.4K