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Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique
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Silicon decreases cadmium concentrations by modulating root endodermal suberin development in wheat plants.

Jiawen Wu1, Hans-Peter Mock2, Ricardo F H Giehl2

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China; Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|November 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Silicon (Si) mitigates cadmium (Cd) toxicity in wheat by altering root Cd uptake pathways over time. Short-term Si application reduces root Cd, while long-term application enhances Cd efflux, aiding plant defense.

Keywords:
ApoplastCadmiumShort-termSiliconSuberization

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cadmium (Cd) poses a significant threat to crop productivity and food safety.
  • Silicon (Si) is known to alleviate heavy metal toxicity in plants, but the underlying mechanisms require elucidation.
  • Understanding Si's role in Cd uptake is crucial for developing strategies to reduce Cd accumulation in crops.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time-dependent effects of silicon (Si) on apoplastic and symplastic cadmium (Cd) absorption in wheat roots.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Si influences Cd translocation and accumulation in wheat under varying exposure durations.
  • To identify key genes and physiological processes involved in Si-mediated Cd detoxification.

Main Methods:

  • Wheat plants were subjected to short-term and long-term cadmium (Cd) stress with and without silicon (Si) application.
  • Apoplastic and symplastic Cd uptake pathways were analyzed using root perfusion and chemical extraction techniques.
  • Root cell wall properties, including suberization, were assessed.
  • Gene expression analysis was performed for key Cd influx, efflux, and transport genes.
  • Cd concentrations in root apoplastic fluid, cell walls, and shoots were quantified.

Main Results:

  • Short-term Si exposure did not affect symplastic Cd uptake or cell wall-bound Cd but decreased Cd in root apoplastic fluid by delaying endodermal suberization, promoting shoot translocation.
  • Long-term Si exposure did not alter cell wall properties or Cd influx/transport gene expression.
  • Intriguingly, long-term Si application up-regulated the Cd efflux gene TaTM20, repressing apoplastic Cd translocation and reducing overall root Cd.
  • The Si-induced reduction in root Cd during short-term exposure contributes to long-term mitigation of Cd toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Silicon influences cadmium (Cd) uptake and translocation in wheat roots in a time-dependent manner.
  • Short-term Si application facilitates Cd translocation to shoots, reducing root Cd burden.
  • Long-term Si application enhances Cd efflux from roots via up-regulation of specific genes, contributing to overall Cd detoxification.