Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

What is Variation?

What is Variation?

Apart from the measures of central tendency, distribution, outliers, and the changing characteristics of data with time, an important characteristic of any data set is its variation or spread. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in others, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean.
The range, standard deviation, standard error, and variance are the different measures of variation.
Range: The range is the difference between its maximum and...

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...

Variation

Variation

An important characteristic of any set of data is the variation in the data. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in other data sets, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean. The most common measure of variation, or spread, is the standard deviation, which is the square root of variance.
When independent and dependent variables are plotted on a scatter plot, the slope of a line is a value that describes the rate of change between the two...

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Let your light shine down.

Science immunology·2026

Same author

A novel hyperactive <i>BCR::ABL1</i> <sup><i>e6a3</i></sup> variant confers resistance to combined asciminib plus ponatinib therapy.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

The Clinicopathologic and Genomic Features of Mature Versus Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasms Arising From Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms.

The American journal of surgical pathology·2026

Same author

Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm: Updates in Diagnostic and Molecular Pathology.

Surgical pathology clinics·2026

Same author

Structural variation tunes apoptotic responses to drive immune escape in melanoma.

Science immunology·2026

Same author

Early persistence of recipient stem-cells and T-cell dysregulation are associated with relapse after transplant in AML/MDS.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Published on: December 4, 2012

Trypping up antigenic variation in sleeping sickness.

Gabriel K Griffin¹

¹Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Science Immunology

|November 4, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Histone variants are crucial for accurate genome partitioning in trypanosomes, a process that limits antigenic variation. This research highlights their role in maintaining genetic stability and controlling immune evasion strategies.

More Related Videos

Clinical Application of Sleeping Beauty and Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells to Genetically Modify T Cells from Peripheral and Umbilical Cord Blood

Clinical Application of Sleeping Beauty and Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells to Genetically Modify T Cells from Peripheral and Umbilical Cord Blood

Published on: February 1, 2013

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Published on: December 4, 2012

Clinical Application of Sleeping Beauty and Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells to Genetically Modify T Cells from Peripheral and Umbilical Cord Blood

Clinical Application of Sleeping Beauty and Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells to Genetically Modify T Cells from Peripheral and Umbilical Cord Blood

Published on: February 1, 2013

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Parasitology
Genetics

Background:

Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites known for their ability to evade host immune systems through antigenic variation.
Accurate segregation of the genome during cell division is essential for all organisms, including parasites.
Histone variants, beyond canonical histones, play specialized roles in chromatin structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of specific histone variants in the cell cycle and genome partitioning of trypanosomes.
To determine how histone variants influence the regulation of antigenic variation in these parasites.

Main Methods:

Utilized genetic manipulation techniques to alter histone variant expression in trypanosomes.
Employed microscopy and flow cytometry to analyze cell division and genome segregation.
Conducted molecular assays to assess the impact on antigenic variation gene expression.

Main Results:

Demonstrated that specific histone variants are essential for the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.
Showed that defects in histone variant deposition lead to aberrant genome partitioning.
Found a direct correlation between proper genome partitioning and the restriction of antigenic variation.

Conclusions:

Histone variants are critical regulators of genome stability in trypanosomes.
The precise function of histone variants in partitioning directly impacts the parasite's ability to switch surface antigens.
Targeting histone variants could offer a novel strategy to control trypanosome infections by disrupting their immune evasion mechanisms.