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Rolling Without Slipping01:09

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People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is...
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Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
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When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

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Compliant rolling-contact architected materials for shape reconfigurability.

Lucas A Shaw1, Samira Chizari1, Matthew Dotson1

  • 1Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Nature Communications
|November 4, 2018
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Summary

New architected materials use flexure straps and micro-cams for extreme shape-changing abilities. This engineered microarchitecture allows versatile, large deformations with low stress, enabling advanced material design.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Microfabrication

Background:

  • Architected materials derive shape-changing capabilities from their microarchitecture.
  • Existing designs face limitations in deformation range and stress accumulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel microarchitectural design for advanced shape-morphing materials.
  • To enable high versatility and extreme deformation ranges with minimal strain energy and internal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing wrapped flexure straps to guide micro-cam rolling motions.
  • Developing analytical theory for material design, packaged as a software tool.
  • Employing two-photon stereolithography and scanning holographic optical tweezers for microscale fabrication.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated 2D and 3D macroscale prototypes exhibiting significant shape-morphing.
  • Achieved extreme deformation ranges without substantial increases in strain energy or internal stress.
  • Successfully fabricated materials at the intended microscale.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed flexure-strap-guided micro-cam architecture significantly advances architected material capabilities.
  • The developed analytical framework and fabrication techniques facilitate the design and creation of these novel materials.
  • This approach opens new avenues for materials with unprecedented shape-changing properties.