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Hierarchy of quantum correlations using a linear beam splitter.

Haleema Sadia Qureshi1, Shakir Ullah1, Fazal Ghafoor2

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This study explores quantum correlations in two-mode Gaussian states after passing through a beam splitter. Quantum steering, entanglement, and discord persist even with mixed input states, though Bell inequality is generally obeyed.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Optics
  • Quantum Correlations

Background:

  • Beam splitters are crucial for quantum information protocols.
  • Understanding quantum correlations in Gaussian states is vital for quantum technologies.
  • Previous studies have explored entanglement and discord in various quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the quantum correlations of two-mode Gaussian states (TMGS) after interacting with a linear beam splitter.
  • To analyze how pure and mixed single-mode Gaussian states (TSMGSs) at the input affect these correlations.
  • To determine the persistence of quantum non-locality, steering, entanglement, and discord under different input conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing theoretical analysis of two-mode Gaussian states.
  • Simulating photon retrieval through a linear beam splitter.
  • Examining quantum correlations including non-locality, steering, entanglement, and discord.
  • Assessing the impact of thermal photon number on quantum properties.

Main Results:

  • For pure input states, quantum correlations adhere to boundaries of non-locality, steering, entanglement, and discord.
  • For mixed input states, quantum steering, entanglement, and discord are present even if Bell inequality is not violated.
  • These quantum correlations show resilience against increasing thermal photon number, though Bell inequality is typically obeyed.

Conclusions:

  • Linear beam splitters preserve certain quantum correlations like steering, entanglement, and discord, even from mixed initial states.
  • The study highlights the robustness of quantum correlations in Gaussian states under beam splitter interaction.
  • While Bell inequality violation is limited, the presence of steering, entanglement, and discord indicates significant quantum behavior.