Muscular Atrophy in Cardiovascular Disease

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Gerontology
• Exercise Physiology

Background:

• Increasing life expectancy leads to a rise in chronic diseases, with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) being highly prevalent.
• CVD patients experience metabolic, hemodynamic, and musculoskeletal alterations, impacting their overall health and prognosis.
• Musculoskeletal changes in CVD patients are variably termed in literature, including muscular atrophy, cardiac cachexia, and sarcopenia, highlighting a need for standardization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the significant impact of musculoskeletal changes on cardiovascular disease patients.
• To underscore the importance of addressing muscle atrophy and progressive muscle decline in CVD.
• To advocate for a multidisciplinary approach in managing skeletal muscle loss.

Main Methods:

• Literature review to identify and discuss terminology related to musculoskeletal changes in CVD.
• Analysis of the impact of these changes on patient quality of life and prognosis.
• Emphasis on the necessity of integrated therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• Musculoskeletal consequences in CVD patients, regardless of terminology, negatively affect quality of life and are linked to poorer outcomes.
• The prevention of muscular atrophy and treatment of progressive muscle decline are vital for patient well-being.
• A multi-professional team approach is essential for effective management.

Conclusions:

• Standardized terminology for musculoskeletal changes in CVD is needed, but their negative impact is clear.
• Interventions aimed at preventing or treating muscle loss are crucial for improving prognosis in cardiovascular disease.
• Integrated therapeutic strategies, including pharmacological management, nutrition, and physical exercise, are recommended for a multidisciplinary team approach.