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Preoperative Evaluation of the Pediatric Patient

Allison Basel1, Dusica Bajic2

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Anesthesiology Clinics
|November 5, 2018
PubMed

Insights

This review helps anesthesiologists minimize pediatric anesthesia complications by addressing preoperative concerns like fasting, anxiety, and potential neurotoxicity in the developing brain.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Pediatric anesthesia requires careful preoperative preparation to ensure patient safety.
  • General anesthesiologists need a concise overview of pediatric-specific concerns.
  • Minimizing complications during pediatric anesthesia is a primary goal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common preoperative concerns in pediatric anesthesia.
  • To provide guidance for preparing pediatric patients for routine procedures.
  • To highlight unique considerations for the pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of frequently encountered preoperative concerns.
  • Focus on topics relevant to pediatric patient preparation.
  • Inclusion of current research on anesthetic neurotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • Identified key areas: gestational age, respiratory/cardiovascular status, fasting, and anxiety.
  • Discussed the critical issue of potential anesthetic neurotoxicity on developing brains.
  • Provided an overview for routine and nonemergent pediatric interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing specific pediatric preoperative concerns can minimize anesthesia-related complications.
  • Understanding factors like gestational age and neurodevelopmental impact is crucial.
  • This review serves as a practical guide for anesthesiologists managing pediatric patients.

Keywords:
Congenital heart diseasePediatricPrematurePreoperative anxietyPreoperative evaluationRespiratory infection

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