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Related Concept Videos

Group Design02:01

Group Design

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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Factorial Design02:01

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Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...
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Design Example: Designing a Residential Plumbing System01:25

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The design of residential plumbing systems requires carefully evaluating water demand, flow rates, and pressure dynamics to ensure both efficiency and reliability. The nature of water flow within pipes is defined by its Reynolds number, which classifies flow as either laminar (smooth) or turbulent.
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Design Example: Designing Water Slide01:18

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When designing a water slide, controlling the speed of water flow is crucial for rider safety while maintaining an exciting experience. As water flows down the slide, gravity causes it to accelerate, with its speed at the bottom depending on the height from which it starts. The higher the slide, the more potential energy the water has at the top, which is converted into kinetic energy as it descends, increasing its speed.
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Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel01:27

Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel

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Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
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Design Example01:23

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The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
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Large-Scale Screens of Metagenomic Libraries
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Screening Library Design.

Stephanie Kay Ashenden1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Discovery Sciences, IMed Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Methods in Enzymology
|November 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

High-throughput screening (HTS) is faster and cheaper, but drug approvals haven't increased. New methods for designing screening libraries are needed to improve drug discovery success rates.

Area of Science:

  • Drug discovery and development
  • Medicinal chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Technological advances have made high-throughput screening (HTS) more accessible and efficient.
  • Despite improvements in HTS technology and biological understanding, the rate of novel drug approvals has stagnated.
  • A recent peak in drug approvals in 2017 highlights the variability and potential for improvement in the drug discovery pipeline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of current high-throughput screening (HTS) methods in drug discovery.
  • To explore novel strategies for the design of screening libraries to enhance drug discovery efficiency.
  • To investigate why HTS has not met expectations for increasing novel drug approvals.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of trends in drug approval rates over recent years.
Keywords:
DiversityDrug discoveryNatural productsScreening library design

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  • Evaluation of the impact of technological advancements on HTS.
  • Review of the composition and design of current chemical screening libraries.

    • Main Results:

    • While HTS has become faster and more accessible, it has not led to a proportional increase in annual drug approvals.
    • The content and design of existing chemical libraries are identified as a potential bottleneck in the drug discovery process.
    • There is a significant unmet need for innovative approaches to chemical library design.

    Conclusions:

    • Current chemical libraries may not be optimally designed for effective HTS.
    • Developing new methods for screening library design is crucial for improving the success rate of drug discovery.
    • Addressing library design is a key area for future research to boost novel drug approvals.