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Weight loss is a critical factor to reduce inflammation
1Department of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Clinical Center Stella Maris, Strada Rovereta, 42, 47898, Falciano, San Marino.
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
|November 5, 2018
Summary
Losing weight through diet or surgery significantly reduces inflammation markers in overweight individuals. This weight loss, particularly from calorie-restricted diets, offers an anti-inflammatory effect beneficial for preventing chronic diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Metabolic Health
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Chronic inflammation is linked to elevated cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP).
- Adipose tissue expansion from overnutrition increases pro-inflammatory adipokines.
- Reducing body fat via diet or gastric surgery can decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the impact of weight loss on inflammation.
- To assess the anti-inflammatory effects of restricted diets and bariatric surgery.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library.
- Included clinical trials and RCTs on weight loss and inflammation.
- Excluded studies involving supplements, exercise, or drugs.
Main Results:
- 76 studies involving 6742 patients were analyzed.
- Weight loss averaged 1.1 kg/month over observation periods up to two years.
- Most studies showed significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines with weight loss, though some did not.
Conclusions:
- Weight loss in overweight/obese individuals is key to reducing pro-inflammatory markers.
- Energy-restricted diets have an anti-inflammatory effect regardless of composition.
- Weight loss interventions are important for chronic disease prevention.
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