Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...

Phase Diagrams

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Improving stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for better tendon and tendon-to-bone junction regeneration: strategies and future directions.

Stem cell research & therapy·2026

Same author

Utilizing biological responses to evaluate the In vivo fate and biocompatibility of reduced graphene oxide-integrated nerve guidance conduits for peripheral nerve repair.

Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)·2026

Same author

Water-Triggered Domino-Like Phase Transition in a Molecular Ferroelectric.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Effects of ACT on the Executive Function and Emotional Distress of Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline.

American journal of psychotherapy·2026

Same author

A narrow-bandgap conjugated-polymer/MoS<sub>2</sub> hybrid photodetector for room temperature shortwave infrared detection up to 2000 nm.

Nanoscale·2026

Same author

Giant Magnetization Modulation of Fe in Fe/Li<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> Heterostructures by Space Charge.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Preparation of Large-area Vertical 2D Crystal Hetero-structures Through the Sulfurization of Transition Metal Films for Device Fabrication

Preparation of Large-area Vertical 2D Crystal Hetero-structures Through the Sulfurization of Transition Metal Films for Device Fabrication

Published on: November 28, 2017

Potential 2D Materials with Phase Transitions: Structure, Synthesis, and Device Applications.

Xinsheng Wang^1,2, Zhigang Song³, Wen Wen^1,2

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|November 6, 2018

Summary

Two-dimensional (2D) phase-transition materials, exhibiting charge density wave (CDW) and magnetic ordering, can be exfoliated into thin layers. These materials offer unique properties for novel electronic devices.

Keywords:

2D materials metal thiophosphates and selenophosphates phase transitions transition metal dichalcogenides transition metal halides

More Related Videos

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Published on: April 17, 2018

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Preparation of Large-area Vertical 2D Crystal Hetero-structures Through the Sulfurization of Transition Metal Films for Device Fabrication

Preparation of Large-area Vertical 2D Crystal Hetero-structures Through the Sulfurization of Transition Metal Films for Device Fabrication

Published on: November 28, 2017

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Published on: April 17, 2018

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Layered materials with intrinsic phase transitions (charge density wave, magnetic, dipole ordering) are crucial for advanced electronics.
Exfoliation into two-dimensional (2D) forms unlocks unique physical properties due to collective interactions and atomic thickness.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce potential 2D phase-transition materials with charge density wave (CDW), magnetic, and dipole ordering.
To summarize structures and experimental phase-transition properties of bulk and monolayer materials.
To review recent experimental progress in synthesizing and measuring 2D phase-transition materials.

Main Methods:

Literature review and summarization of existing research on 2D phase-transition materials.
Analysis of material structures and experimental phase-transition properties.
Focus on specific examples like 1T-TaS2, CrI3, and Cr2Ge2Te6.

Main Results:

Identification of diverse 2D phase-transition material families, including transition metal dichalcogenides, halides, and chalcogenides.
Compilation of structural and phase-transition data for bulk and monolayer forms.
Highlighting experimental advancements in synthesis and characterization of key 2D materials.

Conclusions:

2D phase-transition materials represent a significant and expanding class of materials for next-generation devices.
Their unique properties stem from collective ordering and atomic thinness.
Continued research in synthesis and characterization will drive innovation in functional electronic applications.