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Imported malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum – case report
Wojciech Malchrzak1,2, Weronika Rymer1,2, Małgorzata Inglot1,2
1Wrocław Medical University Students’ Scientific Circle of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiencies
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|November 6, 2018
Summary
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of severe malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) are crucial for a positive outcome. This case highlights the importance of proper chemoprophylaxis and prompt medical attention for travelers returning from endemic areas.
Area of Science:
- Tropical medicine
- Infectious diseases
- Parasitology
Background:
- Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, is a significant global health concern.
- While not endemic in Poland, imported malaria cases pose a risk, primarily from African and Asian regions.
- Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment are vital for managing malaria, characterized by periodic fever and chills.
Observation:
- A 35-year-old man with a history of travel to Nigeria presented with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
- Despite using chemoprophylaxis improperly, the patient developed significant complications including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), renal and liver injury, and myocardial ischemia.
- The patient also developed pneumonia as a complication and experienced temporary deafness due to quinine treatment, alongside a diagnosis of chronic HBV infection.
Findings:
- Rapid diagnosis via blood smear and rapid tests confirmed Plasmodium falciparum infection with high parasitemia.
- Antimalarial treatment led to clinical improvement, although complications required further medical intervention.
- The case underscores the critical role of correct chemoprophylaxis adherence in preventing malaria.
Implications:
- This case demonstrates that severe malaria can be successfully treated with prompt diagnosis and intervention, minimizing serious complications.
- Patient awareness of symptoms and adherence to medical advice significantly improve prognosis.
- There is a need for stronger emphasis on the correct use of malaria chemoprophylaxis among travelers to endemic areas.
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