Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Intranasal Administration of CNS Therapeutics to Awake Mice
Published on: April 8, 2013
Intranasal ketamine for anesthetic premedication in children: a systematic review
Naveen Poonai1,2,3, Kyle Canton2, Samina Ali4,5
1Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Canada.
Aim:
In children, intravenous anesthetic premedication can be distressing. Intranasal (IN) ketamine offers a less invasive approach.
Materials And Methods:
We included randomized trials of IN ketamine in anesthetic premedication in children 0-19 years. We performed electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, clinical trial registries and conference proceedings.
Results:
Among the 23 trials (n = 1680) included, IN ketamine adequately sedated 220/311 (70%) for face mask application, 217/308 (70%) for caregiver separation, 200/371 (54%) for iv. insertion and 19/30 (63%) for monitor application. Vomiting was the most common adverse effect (35/1579 [2.2%]).
Conclusion:
There is a need for sufficiently powered, methodologically rigorous trials, using psychometrically evaluated, objective outcome measures to meaningfully inform practice.
Related Concept Videos
Review and Preview
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
Review and Preview
Random and Systematic Errors
Systematic Sampling Method
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

