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Shimaa A H Abdel Monaim1,2, Anou M Somboro3, Ayman El-Faham4,5

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Cyclic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer improved stability and bioavailability over linear peptides, making them promising for novel antibiotic development. This review classifies bacterial cyclic AMPs, detailing their activity and mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Peptides are increasingly favored over small molecules as therapeutics due to their specificity and activity.
  • Linear peptides face challenges with oral bioavailability and stability, limiting their therapeutic potential.
  • Cyclic peptides exhibit enhanced stability, membrane permeability, and oral bioavailability compared to linear counterparts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the chemical classification of cyclic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from bacterial sources.
  • To describe the biological activity and mechanisms of action of these cyclic AMPs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cyclic AMPs isolated from bacteria.
  • Analysis of chemical structures and classifications.
  • Compilation of data on biological activities and modes of action.

Main Results:

  • Cyclic AMPs are produced via ribosomal and nonribosomal pathways in bacteria.
  • Overview of diverse chemical classes of bacterial cyclic AMPs.
  • Detailed descriptions of their biological activities and modes of action.

Conclusions:

  • Cyclic AMPs represent a significant class of therapeutic agents with potential in combating bacterial infections.
  • Understanding their classification, activity, and mechanisms is crucial for developing new antibiotics.