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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

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Zika, afebrile disease?

Luis del Carpio-Orantes1, María del Carmen González-Clemente

  • 1Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital General de Zona No. 71, Departamento de Medicina Interna. Veracruz, Veracruz, México

Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social
|November 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Atypical Zika virus cases may not present with fever. Nonpurulent conjunctivitis or rash can aid probable diagnosis when fever is absent, though serological confirmation remains essential for definitive Zika diagnosis.

Keywords:
Flavivirus InfectionsZika Virus InfectionDiagnosisFever

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Zika virus infection is typically characterized as a febrile illness.
  • Recent observations indicate a declining incidence of fever in Zika cases.
  • Variability in fever presentation necessitates exploring alternative diagnostic indicators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight probable atypical presentations of Zika virus infection.
  • To identify potential clinical signs for diagnosing Zika in the absence of fever.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic role of non-febrile symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical case data and relevant literature on Zika virus.
  • Analysis of symptom prevalence in confirmed and suspected Zika cases.
  • Correlation of specific symptoms with diagnostic confirmation.

Main Results:

  • Fever is not a constant or universal symptom in all Zika virus cases.
  • Nonpurulent conjunctivitis and rash emerge as significant indicators in afebrile Zika presentations.
  • These symptoms can support a probable Zika diagnosis when fever is absent.

Conclusions:

  • Atypical Zika virus presentations are increasingly recognized.
  • Nonpurulent conjunctivitis and rash are valuable clinical criteria for probable Zika diagnosis in afebrile patients.
  • Serological confirmation is crucial but may not always be feasible, underscoring the importance of clinical symptom assessment.