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Aspiration and Dysphagia in the Neonatal Patient

Nikhila Raol1, Thomas Schrepfer1, Christopher Hartnick2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|November 7, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal dysphagia and aspiration present complex challenges. Management requires a tailored, multidisciplinary approach considering diverse causes and potential surgical interventions for affected infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Dysphagia and aspiration are prevalent in newborns, often stemming from multiple underlying factors.
  • Identifying the specific cause is crucial for effective treatment planning in infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the common causes, diagnostic workup, and management strategies for neonatal dysphagia and aspiration.
  • To emphasize the importance of individualized and multidisciplinary care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neonatal feeding disorders.
  • Discussion of clinical presentation and diagnostic modalities.
  • Analysis of current management paradigms, including conservative and surgical options.

Main Results:

  • Dysphagia and aspiration in neonates can arise from anatomical, neurological, cardiopulmonary, or gastroesophageal reflux issues.
  • A comprehensive evaluation is necessary to determine the etiology.
  • Management strategies must be individualized, involving a team of specialists.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of neonatal dysphagia and aspiration necessitates a thorough, patient-specific approach.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is key to addressing the multifactorial nature of these conditions.
  • Surgical intervention may be a necessary component of treatment for select patient groups.

Keywords:
AerodigestiveAspirationDysphagiaFailure to thriveFeeding difficultyNeonate

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