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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model
Published on: May 20, 2019
Long-term Survival of Stage IV Melanoma Patients Treated with BOLD Combination Chemotherapy and Intermediate-dose
Kalle Mattila1, Pirita Raanta2, Valtteri Lahtela2
1Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital and FICAN West Cancer Centre, Turku, Finland kalle.mattila@tyks.fi.
Background:
Immune checkpoint and serine/threonine-protein kinase inhibitors have become a standard of care for advanced cutaneous melanoma, but dacarbazine-based chemotherapies are occasionally used. This study assessed the long-term efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy (bleomycin, vincristine, lomustine and dacarbazine with/without subcutaneous interferon-alpha: BOLD-INF-α) as real-world data in patients with metastatic melanoma not eligible for clinical trials.
Patients And Methods:
Medical data of 146 patients with stage IV melanoma who had received BOLD/BOLD-INFα regimen during 1991-2010 were analyzed.
Results:
The median overall survival was 8.9 months (95% confidence intervaI=7.5-10.4 months). The 1-year survival rate was 36%, 2-year 18%, and 5-year 13%. The 5-year survival rates in the M1a, M1b and M1c subgroups were 28%, 10% and 6%, respectively. Overall, 7% (n=11) of the patients were alive at the end of the follow-up.
Conclusion:
Our study showed similar overall survival among patients with stage IV cutaneous melanoma treated with BOLD/BOLD-INFα as noted previously with chemotherapy.
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