Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
Impact of Osteopenia in Liver Cirrhosis: Special Reference to Standard Bone Mineral Density with Age
Takeo Toshima1, Tomoharu Yoshizumi2, Toru Ikegami2
1Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan toshima@surg2.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
Background/Aim:
Computed tomography (CT) has recently been applied to measure bone mineral density (BMD). However, the definition of osteopenia, which means depletion of BMD, using CT remains controversial. The aim of this study was to establish formulae to calculate standard BMD.
Patients And Methods:
Fifty healthy donors for liver transplantation underwent CT. BMD was measured as cross-sectional average pixel density (Hounsfield units) only in trabecular-bone at Th11 bottom. Validation was performed on another 50 healthy donors to check the accuracy of formulae for standard BMD.
Results:
Measured BMD was significantly correlated with age in both males and females (p<0.0001). The formulae to calculate standard BMD were 308.82-2.49 × Age in males and 311.84-2.41 × Age in females. Estimated BMD was significantly correlated with measured BMD in males and females (p<0.0001).
Conclusion:
Osteopenia can be defined by the difference between measured data and calculated data using our new formula based on each age.
Related Concept Videos
Essential Minerals for Bone Health
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Water and Mineral Acquisition
Minerals
Major...
Standard Enthalpy of Formation
Special Staining Techniques
Inertial Frames of Reference

