Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026
Developing a Behavioral Box for Assessing Prepulse Inhibition and Neural Activity in Psychiatric Animal Models
Published on: July 22, 2025
Prepulse modulation and recovery of trigemino-cervical reflex in normal subjects
Meral E Kızıltan1, Pınar Bekdik Şirinocak2, Tuba Akıncı3
1Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
Objective:
In this study, we analyzed the inhibitory control on the trigemino-cervical reflex (TCR), and whether or not prepulse modulation (PPM) has an effect on TCR. Thus, we studied the PPM of TCR. We hypothesized that TCR would presumably be under the modulatory effect after the prepulse stimulus similar to blink reflex (BR). We also studied the recovery of TCR which was previously shown.
Methods:
We included 13 healthy individuals. All subjects underwent recordings of TCR, TCR-PPM, and recovery of TCR. For TCR-PPM, a subthreshold stimulus to second finger 50 or 100 ms before the test stimulus was applied. For recovery of TCR, two stimuli at the infraorbital nerve were applied at 300, 500, and 800 ms interstimulus intervals (ISIs).
Results:
There was an inhibition of bilateral late responses of TCR at the ISIs of both 50 ms and 100 ms. There was no change of latencies. Full recovery of TCR did not develop even at the ISI 800 ms.
Discussion:
We have provided an evidence for the TCR-PPM in healthy subjects for the first time in this study. The prepulse inhibition is attributed to the functions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Our study provides a strong indication that there are connections between pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and trigemino-cervical circuit, which produces TCR.
More Related Videos
08:21Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
Published on: June 8, 2017
05:09Author Spotlight: Neuromotor Control and Recovery of Diaphragm Function Following Cervical Spinal Hemisection in Rats
Published on: June 14, 2024
Related Concept Videos
01:08Reflex Activity
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
01:26The Micturition Reflex
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
01:22Somatic Spinal Reflexes
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
01:11Normal Distribution
01:19Normal Stress
When a rod is under axial loading, the internal forces and corresponding stress are normal to the plane of the section, so it is termed normal stress. It's important to...
01:13Cable Subjected to Its Own Weight
A generalized loading function is employed to analyze a cable subjected to its own weight. This function considers the force acting along the cable's arc length rather than its projected length, providing a more accurate...