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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.5K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.0K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

49.1K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character02:48

Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character

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Bond Polarity
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
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Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

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Partially Naked Fluoride in Solvate Ionic Liquids.

Zhengfei Chen1, Yuto Tonouchi1, Kazuhiko Matsumoto1

  • 1Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|November 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel fluoride-based solvate ionic liquids (SILs) for efficient fluorination reactions. These "partially naked" fluoride compounds enable reactions at lower temperatures, offering a greener approach to synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Ionic Liquids
  • Fluorination Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Fluoride typically requires high temperatures for reactions due to hydration.
  • Stabilizing fluoride with complexing agents creates

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for preparing fluoride-based solvate ionic liquids (SILs).
  • To investigate the properties and reactivity of these new SILs in fluorination reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Mixing 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, silver fluoride (AgF), and ethylene glycol (EG) in dry methanol.
  • Removing methanol to obtain anhydrous SILs: [C2C1im]F·EG and [C4C1im]F·EG.
  • Characterization using 1H NMR and infrared spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized the first reported fluoride-containing SILs.
  • Spectroscopy confirmed hydrogen bonding between fluoride, EG, and imidazolium cations.
  • The [C2C1im]F·EG SIL demonstrated high reactivity and good yield in benzyl bromide fluorination under mild conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized SILs provide a stable source of