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Related Concept Videos

Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

20.0K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
20.0K
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

4.0K
Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
4.0K
Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation01:22

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

1.5K
Chlorine isotopes exist as 35Cl and 37Cl in a 3:1 ratio, while bromine isotopes exist as 79Br and 81Br in a 1:1 ratio. The mass spectrum of alkyl halides typically produces two distinct molecular ion peaks, the molecular ion peak, [M], and the molecular ion plus two, [M + 2] peak. The relative heights of these two peaks are proportional to the isotopic abundance ratios of the halide. For example, 2‐chloropropane and 1‐bromopropane display two peaks with relative peak heights in a 3:1 and...
1.5K
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:01

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

3.6K
Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
3.6K
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

4.3K
Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
4.3K
Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides02:48

Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides

8.4K
This lesson delves into the conversion of alcohols to corresponding alkyl halides and the mechanism of action for different reagents. Typically, the hydroxyl group is first protonated to convert it to a stable leaving group. Consequently, based on the starting alcohol, the mechanism undergoes either of the nucleophilic substitution routes, SN1 or SN2. Tertiary alkyl halides are made using the two-step SN1 mechanism that occurs via a carbocation intermediate, which is stabilized by...
8.4K

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Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition
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Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

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Remote Phononic Effects in Epitaxial Ruddlesden-Popper Halide Perovskites.

Zhizhong Chen, Yiping Wang, Xin Sun

  • 1Faculty of Material Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|November 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Van der Waals interactions in Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites influence phase transitions and carrier dynamics. Their layered structure exhibits nonlocal phononic effects, challenging quantum well equivalency.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Van der Waals (vdW) interactions are crucial for layered materials' optoelectronic and vibrational properties.
  • The specific role of vdW forces in Ruddlesden-Popper layered halide perovskites is not well understood.
  • Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites are a class of materials with layered structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of interlayer vdW forces on phase-transition kinetics and carrier dynamics in Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites.
  • To clarify the existence and impact of vdW effects in these specific perovskite structures.
  • To amend the conventional understanding of vdW perovskites as simple multiple quantum wells.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of high-quality epitaxial single-crystalline (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 flakes with controlled dimensions.
  • Analysis of substrate-perovskite epitaxial interactions and interlayer vdW interactions.
  • Investigation of electron-phonon coupling strength as a function of flake thickness.

Main Results:

  • Both substrate-perovskite epitaxy and interlayer vdW forces significantly suppress structural phase transitions.
  • Electron-phonon coupling strength decreases by approximately 30% as flake thickness reduces from ~100 nm to ~20 nm.
  • Phonon confinement effects in these natural quantum wells are less effective than previously assumed.

Conclusions:

  • Interlayer vdW forces play a key role in regulating phase-transition kinetics and carrier dynamics in Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites.
  • The layered structure exhibits significant nonlocal phononic effects, necessitating a revised understanding beyond the multiple quantum well model.
  • Intralayer and interlayer forces in these vdW perovskites are not drastically different, impacting their properties.