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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
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The Nucleosome02:33

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DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Rotten to the Core: Why Micronuclei Rupture.

C Patrick Lusk1, Megan C King1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Developmental Cell
|November 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Micronuclei rupture, exposing genomic DNA, is caused by microtubule defects. These defects alter the micronuclear membrane

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Micronuclei are small nuclei formed during cell division containing chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes.
  • The rupture of micronuclei can lead to genomic instability and is implicated in diseases like cancer.
  • The precise mechanisms driving micronuclear envelope rupture remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying causes of micronuclear envelope rupture.
  • To elucidate the role of microtubules in the process of micronuclear membrane breakdown.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced microscopy techniques to observe micronuclear dynamics in real-time.
  • Employed biochemical assays to analyze the composition of micronuclear membranes.

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  • Investigated the effects of disrupting microtubule function on micronuclei.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that microtubule interactions with micronuclei can induce physical stress.
    • Identified specific defects in the biochemical composition of micronuclear membranes resulting from microtubule-induced stress.
    • Showed a direct correlation between microtubule-induced membrane defects and micronuclear rupture.

    Conclusions:

    • Microtubule-induced defects in the micronuclear membrane's biochemical composition are the primary drivers of micronuclear rupture.
    • Understanding this mechanism provides insights into maintaining genomic integrity.
    • This finding opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting diseases associated with genomic instability.