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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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Long noncoding RNA GHET1 in human cancer.

Jinglin Li1, Xingming Jiang1, Zhenglong Li1

  • 1Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|November 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in cancer development. The oncogenic lncRNA GHET1 is highly expressed in malignancies and plays key roles in tumor progression, making it a potential cancer biomarker and therapeutic target.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides with no protein-coding potential.
  • Dysregulation of lncRNAs is implicated in human cancer pathology, where they can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.
  • GHET1 is identified as a significant oncogenic lncRNA with elevated expression across various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological functions of GHET1 in cancer.
  • To summarize the underlying molecular mechanisms of GHET1 in tumorigenesis.
  • To discuss the clinical significance of GHET1 as a potential cancer biomarker and therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lncRNAs and GHET1 in cancer.
  • Analysis of experimental data on GHET1 expression and function.
  • Synthesis of information regarding GHET1's role in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Main Results:

  • GHET1 is overexpressed in numerous types of cancer.
  • GHET1 actively contributes to cancer initiation and progression.
  • GHET1 influences key cancer cell behaviors, including proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Conclusions:

  • GHET1 is a critical oncogenic lncRNA in human cancers.
  • GHET1's functions in carcinogenesis highlight its potential as a biomarker.
  • GHET1 represents a promising therapeutic target for various malignancies.